Improvement in hot-water heating apparatus



. 2Sheets--SheetL H. F. HAYDEN.

Ho't Water Heating Apparatus. y N0 147 77|, Patented Feb.24.l874.

Tagli `2 Sheets--Sheet2. H. FLHAYDEN.

Hot Water Heating Apparatus. NO.147,77|. Patented Feb.24.l874.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY F. HAYDEN, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRIOTOF COLUMBIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN HOT-'WATER HEATING APPARATUS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 147,771, dated February 24, 1874; application filed February 4, 1874. I

y To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY F. HAYDEN, of the city and county of Washington, District of Columbia, have invented certainr new and useful Improvements in Hot-Water Heating Apparatus, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing making part of this specification, in whichl Figure l represents a side elevation, partly in section, of the improved heater, showing the nre-pot, which is also an annular waterreservoir, in section. Fig. 2 is a plan or top View of the four-way or T-piece, showing the connection of the supply-pipe and vertical reservoir with the heatingcoil. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the heater-coil and water-reservoir,

`and Fig. 4 is a vertical section through the furnace, showing the arrangement ofthe smoke# pipe relative to the grate and annular fire-pot.

Similar letters of reference denote corresponding parts wherever used.

The invention has for its object the improvement of that class of heaters in which the heat intended for use is generated by hot water contained within and circulating through a suitable arrangement of pipes and reservoirs; and the first part of the invention relates to a novel construction of the lire-pot, and to the arrangement of the same relative to its inclosing shell or case, and to the heating-chamber, whereby the amount of fuel required for heating the water is greatly reduced, while at the same time the admission of the gases to the heating-chamber is effectually prevented, `and consists in making the Ere-pot in the form of an annular water-reservoir surrounding the fire, and surrounded by an inclosing-case in such manner as that the products of combustion are compelled to` pass up, through, over, and down outside of said annular reservoir or fire-pot, and connecting both ends of the heating-coil outside of the heating-chamber with said annular water-reservoir, as hereinafter described. `The second part of my invention relates to the construction and arrangement of the heating-coil and water and vapor'reservoirs, and consists in making the heating-coil or pipe, which is connected with the annular fire-pot, and through which the main circula tionof water takesplace, of uniform or substantially uniform diameter, and combining therewith reservoirs of sufficient capacity to prevent the ebullition of the water, and to receive the vapor arising therefrom, said reservoirs being connected with the coil by pipes of less diameter in such manner as not to inter"` fer withor or impede the circulation through the heating-coil. The third part of the invention consists in a novel arrangement of condensin g or overiiow reservoir and overflowpipes constituting a safety apparatus, as hereinafter described, and the invention consists, lastly, in` certain details of construction and arrangement hereinafter fully explained.

In the accompanying drawing, A represents an annular base-plate, forming within it the ash-pit, and provided with suitable openings for the admission of air and the removal of the ashes in any convenient or preferred manner. Upon this is placed the lire-pot B, which is made in the form of an annular or doublewalled cylinder, either cast or made of boileriron, as preferred, the annular space B being closed at the top and bottom, and. forming a water-reservoir surrounding the central lirechamber, which is open at top and bottom, except as it is closed at the bottom by a grate, O, of any usual or preferred construction.. The fire-pot Bis inclosed within a casing, D, which, bypreference, is made of galvanized or castiron, and coated with a non-conductor of heat; but it may be of any suitable material, and, being of greater diameter than the water-tank' and firepot, leaves an annular space, D1, around the same, to permit the products of combustion after passing up through and over the said reservoir to pass down again outside of the same, and to escape at or near the bottom of the casing, or upon or about upon a level with the grate, as shown in Fig. 4.. An opening, cl2, is provided in the top of the casing D to permit the introduction ofthe fuel, said opening being surrounded by a rim or flange, d, which projects downward and inward for directing the fuel into the repot, while at the same time said rim is sufficiently removed from the lire-pot to permit the products of combustion to escapearound it, as shown by the arrow in Fig. l. The furnace or dre-pot thus constructed is located outside of the heating room or chamber-IE, and has no connection therewith, except :as it is afforded through the water-pipes G G1, which are connected with the annular water-space nected, as shown.

.Mahn

B one at or near the top, and the other at or near the bottom of said space or reservoir, as

shown. The heating-chamber lil is tightly walled, or closed in by walls F, of brick, sheet metal, or other suitable or usual material, being perforated only to receive the necessary supply and exhaust water and air-pipes, and a tightly-fitting door affording access to the heating apparatus. The water-pipe or coil Gr has its lowest point at or near its connection with the annular reservoir Il', and rising then ce,

passes within the chamber ll, where it is bentI .larger pipe Gr of the coil G2, and at its upper end, by a similar pipe, hf, with. ahorizontal second reservoir or chamber, I. rlhe reservoir I is also connected with the coil G2 at or near its highest point by a small pipe, 1T, and the reservoir I, at or near midway oi' its height, is provided with an overflow-pipe or pipes, t" i', which, extending downward within. the coil, are connected at their lower ends with a condensing chamber or reservoir, K, to which, at or near its bottom, a drip or waste pipe, 7c, is conrl`his condensing-chamber K may be made of a shape conforming to the shape ofthe coil, or to the walls or piers J on which said coil rests, but, by preference, is made rectangular in form, and in two parts, the lower part K forming the condensing-chamber proper, provided at its upper edge with a horizontal iiange, Z, and an upper part or cover, Kf, which provided with a Vertical rim or iiange, Z, forming an evaporating-pan for the reception of water, which is open and exposed to the action ot' the atmospheric air withinthc chamber E. rlhe cover K is secured to the bottom part by bolts or other fastenings, with any suitable packing interposed for nia-king the condensing-chainber K tight. The pipe G may be provided at or near its lowest point, as at g2, witha sediment trap or cock, through which the sediment may be drawn olf when necessary. The suppl y-pipe g may be connecty ed with the large or coil pipe G at or near its lowest point, either direct, as shown in Fig. l, or through a T or cross-piece, G3, in the latter ease the vertical reservoir Il being also connected with said T, as shown in Fig. 2. Any suitable or preferred safety-trahie arrangement maybe applied, if desired; but ordinarily, with the capacity of the coil and reservoirs ga ged to the size of the furnace, so as to prevent the ebullition of the water, no such safety arrangey ment will be required.

In filling the pipes and reservoir B, H, and I, the cocks g k to both the supply and wastepipes will be opened, andthe water,4 entering the pipe G, will iiow into the annular reservoir B and vertical reservoir H, will gradually rise therein and in pipe Gr, forein g out the air therefrom, through the reservoir I and overflow-pipes t', until the water, rising in reservoir I to the level of said pipes t', overflows, and, passing down into the con densing-ehamber K and out at the drip or waste pipe k, indicates th at the apparatus is iilled, when the supply-pipe is closed and the tire is kindled, the waste-cock k being still left open to provide for the expansion of the water within the tank and pipe under the action of the heat until the desired temperature of the watersay, from 1800 to 200G-is attained, when the waste-cock may be closed, and the apparatus is in operation, as follows, viz: l:Ehe heat imparted to the water within the annular firepot B causing its expansion the hotter portions rise, and, passing out through the arm G of the coil, enter the coil within the chamber, displacing the cold water at its highest point, while the cold water at the bottom of the coil, passing through arm G, enters the bottom of the annular water-space'B, to be, in turn, heated and passed up and out at the top, thus creating 'a current or circulation through the coil, the heated water entering at the top and cooler portion passing out at the bottom of the coil, the heated water thus constantly crowding out and replaein g the cold water, to be, in turn, gradually cooled and passed downward through the coil and back to the fire-pot. The

reservoirs II and I are placed outside of the direct line or route of this circulation, but, be-

ing connected therewith by the smaller pipes,

as explained, their contents are gradually mingled with and brought to the same temperature with the contents of the coil at the corresponding degree of elevation, and thus, while not interfering with or impeding the active circulation within the coil, they serve to prevent any rapid generation of steam while increasing the heating-surface. If from any cause, such as the insuflicient capacity of the reservoirs and coil or too great a fire, more steam is generated than can be retained in the circulation, it will be forced upward through the pipe t' into chamber or tank I, and if too great to be retained there it will be passed through the overflow-pipes t" down into the condensing-chamber K, located at the bottom and, consequently, at the coolest part of charnber E, where it will be quickly condensed, and may be drawn ofi', when desired, through wastepipe 7c, or said waste-pipe may be left open for its escape. rl`he heating-chamber E may be of any preferred construction, with freshair duct El and hot-air pipes E2 leading from its top to any and all parts of the house under any usual or preferred arrangement. Y

In practice, I prefer to make the inclosingwalls F of the heating-chamber of strong sheet meta-l, and to coat the same, either Ainside or outside, with a non-conducting cement of suitable material, such as acomposition of asbestus and cement or lime, or other usual or preferred material, for this purpose.

The casing of the furnace may be similarly coated, and also the exposed portion of the pipes G G1, connecting` the furnace with the heating-chamber, and the loss or escape of heat into the furnaceroom thereby to a very great extent prevented.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The annular waterreservoir and re-pot B B', made open at the top, as described, with its inclosing-ease D placed outside of the heatin ,fg-chamber, and combined therewith through the pipes G G1 of the coil G2, the whole ar-` ranged and operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The hot-water pipes or coil G G1 G2, connected with the :tire-pot, as described, in combination with the water-reservoir H and water and vapor reservoir I, connected with the coil by pipes of less diameter, and operating substantially as described.

3. The overow or condensing chamber K, in combination with the water and vapor reser- Voir I and overow pipe or pipes z" i', substantially as described.

H. F. HAYDEN.

Witnesses ALEX. MAHoN, N. B. SMITH. 

